华师《综合英语（6）》在线作业
试卷总分：100
阅读理解
一、阅读理解（共 10 道试题，共 100 分。）
V
1.
Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills”. What skills are salable? Right now, skills for automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills in teaching are not now as salable as they were during the past 20 years, and the population charts indicate they may not be soon again. Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates . What’s more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.
A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending the young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lion’s den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedlysalable skills, and can’t make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibly, an ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the higher liberal skills.
1). From this passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of ____.
A.
teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job market
B.
A flexible curriculum that changes with the times
C.
A liberal education
D.
Keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market.
满分：2 分
2). The word “fluctuate” in the first paragraph most probably means ____.
A.
remain steady
B.
change in an irregular way
C.
follow a set pattern
D.
become worse and worse
满分：2 分
3). 3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?
A.
A person with the ability to learn by himself.
B.
A construction worker.
C.
A car repairman.
D.
A person with quite a few salable skills.
满分：2 分
4). According to the author, in developing a curriculum schools should ____.
A.
predict the salability of skills in the future job market
B.
take the current job market into consideration
C.
consider what skills are salable
D.
focus on the ability to adapt to changes
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). We can learn from this passage that ____.
A.
liberal arts education is being challenged now
B.
schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times
C.
extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning
D.
many students feel cheated by the educational system.
满分：2 分
2.
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
1). One significant improvement in the future car will probably be________.
A. its power source
B.
its driving system
C.
its monitoring system
D.
its seating capacity
满分：2 分
2). What is the authors main concern?
A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.
B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D.
How to develop an automated subway system.
满分：2 分
3). What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A. A rail.
B.
An engine.
C. A retractable arm.
D. A computer controller.
满分：2 分
4). In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _______.
A. keep in the right lane
B. wait to arrive at his destination
C. keep in constant touch with the computer center
D.
inform the system of his destination by phone
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?
A. Enthusiastic.
B. Pessimistic.
C.
Optimistic.
D.
Cautious.
满分：2 分
3. The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident――the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (eg. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.
1). The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that _____.
A. it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
B. they depended on electricity available only to the market economy
C. it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home
D. the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage _____.
A. some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy
B. the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy
C. producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable
D. whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant
满分：2 分
3). During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace _____.
A. as wage earners
B. both as manufacturers and consumers
C. both as workers and purchasers
D. as customers
满分：2 分
4). Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and service because _____.
A. the family was not efficient in production
B. it was illegal for the home economy to produce them
C. it could not supply them by itself
D. the market for these goods and services was limited
满分：2 分
5). The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage _____.
A. the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and services
B. many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace
C. consumers relied more and more on the market economy
D.
the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
满分：2 分
4. Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a "new" feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary: Encyclopedia Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedia entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LDOCE plus cultural information. The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly "cultural" as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult. While there is some common ground between the encyclopedia/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedia on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedia entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension. In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally supposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.
1). What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?
A. The combination of two dictionaries into one.
B. The new approach to defining words.
C. The inclusion of cultural words.
D. The increase in the number of entries.
满分：2 分
2). The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice because _____.
A. its scope of cultural entries goes beyond the culture of the English-speaking world
B. it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries
C. it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking people
D. if fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries
满分：2 分
3). The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that _____.
A. it has a wider selection of encyclopedic entries
B. it is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listeners
C. it lays more emphasis on language than on culture
D. it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills
满分：2 分
4). It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought should be given to _____.
A. the language levels of its users
B. the number of its prospective purchasers
C. the different tastes of its users
D. the various cultural backgrounds of its users
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). What is the passage mainly about?
A. Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.
B. A comparison of peoples opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.
C. The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.
D.
The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries.
满分：2 分
5. Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild（行会）.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it -- as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
1). Special words used in technical discussion_____.
A. never last long
B. are considered artificial language speech
C. should be confined to scientific fields
D. may become part of common speech
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). It is true that____.
A. an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms
B. everyone is interested in scientific findings
C. the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him
D. various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons
满分：2 分
3). In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology of
A. farming
B. sports
C. government
D. fishery
满分：2 分
4). The writer of the article was, not doubt______.
A. a linguist
B. an essayist
C. a scientist
D. an attorney
满分：2 分
5). The authors main purpose in the passage is to_____.
A. describe a phenomenon
B. be entertaining
C. argue a belief
D.
propose a solution
满分：2 分
6.
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语言的)guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives ― usually the richer ― who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.
1). It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably .
A.
stand still
B.
jump aside
C.
step forward
D.
draw back
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their _________.
A. cultural self-centeredness
B. casual manners
C. indifference towards foreign visitors
D. arrogance towards other cultures
满分：2 分
3). In countries other than their own most Americans __________ .
A. are isolated by the local people
B. are not well informed due to the language barrier
C. tend to get along well with the natives
D.
need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
满分：2 分
4). 4. According to the author, Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ________ .
A. affect their image in the new era
B. cut themselves off from the outside world
C. limit their role in world affairs
D. weaken the position of the US dollar
满分：2 分
5). 5. The authors intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ________ .
A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C. it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D.
it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
此题选: D 满分：2 分
7.
The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful ( 一厢情愿的 ) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought."
1). Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans________.
A.
have adapted to a new set of moral standards
B. are longing for the return of the good old days
C.
have realized the importance of material things
D.
are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by
A. its growing wealth
B. the self-centeredness of individuals
C. underestimating the impact of social changes
D.
the prejudice against women and minorities
满分：2 分
3). Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
A. Great mobility.
B.
Concern for ones neighbors.
C.
Emphasis on individual effort.
D. Ever-weakening social bonds.
满分：2 分
4). In the 1950s, classroom violence
A. was something unheard of
B.
was by no means a rare occurrence
C.
attracted a lot of public attention
D.
began to appear in analysts data
满分：2 分
5). According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed
A. if people can return to the "golden age"
B. when women and men enjoy equal rights
C. when people rid themselves of prejudice
D.
if less emphasis is laid on material things
此题选: D 满分：2 分
8. We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shifty workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
1). Why is the question of "how easily people can get used to working at night" not a mere academic question?
A. Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.
B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C. Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.
D. Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in _____.
A. the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
B. the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shift too frequently
C. the fact that people working at night are often less effective
D. the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
满分：2 分
3). The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be _____.
A. to change shifts at longer intervals
B. to have longer shift
C. to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only
D. to create better living conditions for night workers
满分：2 分
4). It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because _____.
A. body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates
B. body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back
C. the temperature reverses when the routine is changed
D. people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.
B. The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has probed to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.
C. Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.
D.
Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.
满分：2 分
9. Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect. Another reason, it is true, is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly ever occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies, science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom ... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation (反复灌输) of proper emotional reactions. However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious (有害的) if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
1). The central idea conveyed in the passage is that _____.
A. attitudes affect our actions
B. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils attitudes
C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences
D. the elementary school is a more effective milieu (环境) for developing wholesome attitudes than high school or college.
满分：2 分
2). The author implies that ____.
A. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude
B. childrens attitudes often come from those of other children
C. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades
D. schools should offer the student opportunities for travel so that he can come into contact with people he would not otherwise meet
满分：2 分
3). A statement NOT made or implied in the passage is that _____.
A. attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
B. attitudes can not easily be changed by rewards and lectures
C. worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area
D. the attitudes of elementary schoolaged children are influenced primarily by the way they are treated as infants
此题选: D 满分：2 分
4). The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in common EXCEPT _____.
A. the importance of experience in building attitudes
B. how attitudes can be changed in the classroom
C. how reading affects attitudes
D. reference to straight thinking and attitudes
满分：2 分
5). In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writers purpose would be _____.
A. "Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime"
B. "The vagabond, when rich, is called a tourist"
C. "He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune"
D. "Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion of resentment"
此题选: D 满分：2 分
10. The work conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such a good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster then the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were "limitless" and "inexhaustible". Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, and unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others. Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word "conservation" had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today. For the sake of ourselves and those who wil come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.
1). The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is _____.
A. positive
B. suspicious
C. neutral
D. critical
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _____.
A. they had no idea about scientific forestry
B. they had little or no sense of environmental protection
C. they were not aware of the significance of nature study
D. they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials
满分：2 分
3). It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize _____.
A. the interdependence of water, soil, and living things
B. the importance of the proper use of land
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods.
D. the value of the beauty of nature
满分：2 分
4). To avoid the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that _____.
A. we plant more trees
B. natural sciences be taught to everyone
C. environmental education be directed toward everyone
D. we return to nature
满分：2 分
5). What does the author imply by saying "living space …is figured…also in cubic volume above the earth" (Para. 3. Lines 6--7)?
A. Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.
B. Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.
C. We need to take some measures to protect space.
D.
We must preserve good living condition for both birds and animals.
此题选: D 满分：2 分
试卷总分：100
阅读理解
一、阅读理解（共 10 道试题，共 100 分。）
V
1.
Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills”. What skills are salable? Right now, skills for automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills in teaching are not now as salable as they were during the past 20 years, and the population charts indicate they may not be soon again. Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates . What’s more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.
A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending the young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lion’s den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedlysalable skills, and can’t make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibly, an ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the higher liberal skills.
1). From this passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of ____.
A.
teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job market
B.
A flexible curriculum that changes with the times
C.
A liberal education
D.
Keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market.
满分：2 分
2). The word “fluctuate” in the first paragraph most probably means ____.
A.
remain steady
B.
change in an irregular way
C.
follow a set pattern
D.
become worse and worse
满分：2 分
3). 3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?
A.
A person with the ability to learn by himself.
B.
A construction worker.
C.
A car repairman.
D.
A person with quite a few salable skills.
满分：2 分
4). According to the author, in developing a curriculum schools should ____.
A.
predict the salability of skills in the future job market
B.
take the current job market into consideration
C.
consider what skills are salable
D.
focus on the ability to adapt to changes
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). We can learn from this passage that ____.
A.
liberal arts education is being challenged now
B.
schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times
C.
extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning
D.
many students feel cheated by the educational system.
满分：2 分
2.
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
1). One significant improvement in the future car will probably be________.
A. its power source
B.
its driving system
C.
its monitoring system
D.
its seating capacity
满分：2 分
2). What is the authors main concern?
A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.
B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D.
How to develop an automated subway system.
满分：2 分
3). What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A. A rail.
B.
An engine.
C. A retractable arm.
D. A computer controller.
满分：2 分
4). In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _______.
A. keep in the right lane
B. wait to arrive at his destination
C. keep in constant touch with the computer center
D.
inform the system of his destination by phone
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?
A. Enthusiastic.
B. Pessimistic.
C.
Optimistic.
D.
Cautious.
满分：2 分
3. The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident――the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (eg. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.
1). The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that _____.
A. it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
B. they depended on electricity available only to the market economy
C. it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home
D. the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage _____.
A. some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy
B. the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy
C. producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable
D. whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant
满分：2 分
3). During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace _____.
A. as wage earners
B. both as manufacturers and consumers
C. both as workers and purchasers
D. as customers
满分：2 分
4). Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and service because _____.
A. the family was not efficient in production
B. it was illegal for the home economy to produce them
C. it could not supply them by itself
D. the market for these goods and services was limited
满分：2 分
5). The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage _____.
A. the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the needed goods and services
B. many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace
C. consumers relied more and more on the market economy
D.
the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
满分：2 分
4. Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a "new" feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary: Encyclopedia Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedia entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LDOCE plus cultural information. The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly "cultural" as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult. While there is some common ground between the encyclopedia/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedia on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedia entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension. In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally supposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.
1). What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?
A. The combination of two dictionaries into one.
B. The new approach to defining words.
C. The inclusion of cultural words.
D. The increase in the number of entries.
满分：2 分
2). The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice because _____.
A. its scope of cultural entries goes beyond the culture of the English-speaking world
B. it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries
C. it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking people
D. if fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries
满分：2 分
3). The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that _____.
A. it has a wider selection of encyclopedic entries
B. it is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listeners
C. it lays more emphasis on language than on culture
D. it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills
满分：2 分
4). It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought should be given to _____.
A. the language levels of its users
B. the number of its prospective purchasers
C. the different tastes of its users
D. the various cultural backgrounds of its users
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). What is the passage mainly about?
A. Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.
B. A comparison of peoples opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.
C. The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.
D.
The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries.
满分：2 分
5. Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild（行会）.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it -- as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
1). Special words used in technical discussion_____.
A. never last long
B. are considered artificial language speech
C. should be confined to scientific fields
D. may become part of common speech
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). It is true that____.
A. an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms
B. everyone is interested in scientific findings
C. the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him
D. various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons
满分：2 分
3). In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology of
A. farming
B. sports
C. government
D. fishery
满分：2 分
4). The writer of the article was, not doubt______.
A. a linguist
B. an essayist
C. a scientist
D. an attorney
满分：2 分
5). The authors main purpose in the passage is to_____.
A. describe a phenomenon
B. be entertaining
C. argue a belief
D.
propose a solution
满分：2 分
6.
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语言的)guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives ― usually the richer ― who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.
1). It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably .
A.
stand still
B.
jump aside
C.
step forward
D.
draw back
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their _________.
A. cultural self-centeredness
B. casual manners
C. indifference towards foreign visitors
D. arrogance towards other cultures
满分：2 分
3). In countries other than their own most Americans __________ .
A. are isolated by the local people
B. are not well informed due to the language barrier
C. tend to get along well with the natives
D.
need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
满分：2 分
4). 4. According to the author, Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ________ .
A. affect their image in the new era
B. cut themselves off from the outside world
C. limit their role in world affairs
D. weaken the position of the US dollar
满分：2 分
5). 5. The authors intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ________ .
A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C. it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D.
it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
此题选: D 满分：2 分
7.
The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful ( 一厢情愿的 ) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought."
1). Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans________.
A.
have adapted to a new set of moral standards
B. are longing for the return of the good old days
C.
have realized the importance of material things
D.
are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by
A. its growing wealth
B. the self-centeredness of individuals
C. underestimating the impact of social changes
D.
the prejudice against women and minorities
满分：2 分
3). Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
A. Great mobility.
B.
Concern for ones neighbors.
C.
Emphasis on individual effort.
D. Ever-weakening social bonds.
满分：2 分
4). In the 1950s, classroom violence
A. was something unheard of
B.
was by no means a rare occurrence
C.
attracted a lot of public attention
D.
began to appear in analysts data
满分：2 分
5). According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed
A. if people can return to the "golden age"
B. when women and men enjoy equal rights
C. when people rid themselves of prejudice
D.
if less emphasis is laid on material things
此题选: D 满分：2 分
8. We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shifty workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work. This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
1). Why is the question of "how easily people can get used to working at night" not a mere academic question?
A. Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.
B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C. Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.
D. Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in _____.
A. the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
B. the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shift too frequently
C. the fact that people working at night are often less effective
D. the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
满分：2 分
3). The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be _____.
A. to change shifts at longer intervals
B. to have longer shift
C. to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only
D. to create better living conditions for night workers
满分：2 分
4). It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because _____.
A. body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates
B. body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back
C. the temperature reverses when the routine is changed
D. people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently
此题选: D 满分：2 分
5). Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.
B. The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has probed to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.
C. Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.
D.
Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.
满分：2 分
9. Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect. Another reason, it is true, is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly ever occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies, science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom ... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation (反复灌输) of proper emotional reactions. However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious (有害的) if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
1). The central idea conveyed in the passage is that _____.
A. attitudes affect our actions
B. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils attitudes
C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences
D. the elementary school is a more effective milieu (环境) for developing wholesome attitudes than high school or college.
满分：2 分
2). The author implies that ____.
A. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude
B. childrens attitudes often come from those of other children
C. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades
D. schools should offer the student opportunities for travel so that he can come into contact with people he would not otherwise meet
满分：2 分
3). A statement NOT made or implied in the passage is that _____.
A. attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
B. attitudes can not easily be changed by rewards and lectures
C. worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area
D. the attitudes of elementary schoolaged children are influenced primarily by the way they are treated as infants
此题选: D 满分：2 分
4). The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in common EXCEPT _____.
A. the importance of experience in building attitudes
B. how attitudes can be changed in the classroom
C. how reading affects attitudes
D. reference to straight thinking and attitudes
满分：2 分
5). In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writers purpose would be _____.
A. "Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime"
B. "The vagabond, when rich, is called a tourist"
C. "He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune"
D. "Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion of resentment"
此题选: D 满分：2 分
10. The work conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such a good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster then the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were "limitless" and "inexhaustible". Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, and unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others. Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word "conservation" had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today. For the sake of ourselves and those who wil come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.
1). The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is _____.
A. positive
B. suspicious
C. neutral
D. critical
此题选: D 满分：2 分
2). According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _____.
A. they had no idea about scientific forestry
B. they had little or no sense of environmental protection
C. they were not aware of the significance of nature study
D. they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials
满分：2 分
3). It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize _____.
A. the interdependence of water, soil, and living things
B. the importance of the proper use of land
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods.
D. the value of the beauty of nature
满分：2 分
4). To avoid the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that _____.
A. we plant more trees
B. natural sciences be taught to everyone
C. environmental education be directed toward everyone
D. we return to nature
满分：2 分
5). What does the author imply by saying "living space …is figured…also in cubic volume above the earth" (Para. 3. Lines 6--7)?
A. Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.
B. Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.
C. We need to take some measures to protect space.
D.
We must preserve good living condition for both birds and animals.
此题选: D 满分：2 分
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