福建师范大学2022年2月课程考试《高级英语阅读(一)》作业考核试题

《高级英语阅读(一)》期末考试A卷 N44傲朋学习网
姓名:        N44傲朋学习网
专业:N44傲朋学习网
学号:          N44傲朋学习网
学习中心: 答案务必写在最后一页答案卷上,否则不得分!N44傲朋学习网
一、客观题(每题3分)N44傲朋学习网
I判断对错题(答案务必写在答题纸上, 对的写“T”,错的写“F” N44傲朋学习网
  Read Lesson 6  Text B “Unwilling to School” Judge whether the following statements are true or false.N44傲朋学习网
:(阅读教材第6课 课文B, 判断对错) Unwillingly to SchoolN44傲朋学习网
By Katrin Fitz HerbertN44傲朋学习网
Every child with a poor school attendance record is a child in danger. At best, he is in danger of not fulfilling his educational potential; at worst, he is in danger of cruelty or neglect.N44傲朋学习网
Enforced school absence in childhood is sometimes used by adults to justify their own career failure. It is difficult for a child to play truant regularly if his parents are keen for him to attend school. Much truancy is openly condoned; as for the rest, not knowing that your children play truant is equivalent to not ensuring that they are at school. It shows lack of interest in their whereabouts, apathy about their education, or inability to control them — i.e., ineffective parents... N44傲朋学习网
The characteristics which lead families to reject regular schooling are likely to have other detrimental effects on the children besides educational failure. For what could make parents decide that the most widely agreed route to secure employment, social acceptance and personal satisfaction is not for them? The first reason is a general difficulty in dealing with family responsibilities, particularly in the stressful environment of modern cities. Getting the child to school on time is too much to cope with (alarm clock, breakfast, clothes, shoes, gym clothes, lunch money). Secondly, the child's company may comfort a depressed, isolated mother.N44傲朋学习网
The school's insistence on uniforms or other obligations and, possibly, its undisguised disapproval of an "inadequate" family, may be the last straw. Children who grow up in such families are likely to be deprived in many ways besides education.N44傲朋学习网
In these families, education is written off as a waste of time. For a child growing up, this is possibly more serious than the loss of education. Habitual non-attendance can accustom children very early in their lives to rejecting the values and legal requirements of society. It is a training in deviance and anti-social behaviour which can lay the foundation for a generally deviant career. The common progression from truancy or parentally-condoned absence to juvenile crime has been reliably established.N44傲朋学习网
In greatest danger of all is the child who successfully plays truant for long periods without his parents' knowledge. His personal isolation and alienation, not just from conventional behaviour but from his own family, puts him in danger of delinquency, drugs or mental illness in later life. Truancy has been called the "kindergarten of crime", and bad school attendance spells failure and possible unemployment in later life. N44傲朋学习网
It was soon realized that non-attendance was too complex and serious a problem to be dealt with by education departments alone. Much responsibility for school attendance was, therefore, transferred to social workers. This move has, on its own, however, possibly created as many problems as it has solved. This is because the seriousness with which they regard non-attendance is an issue on which social workers and workers in education differ. Social workers tend to regard it as merely one symptom of social failure which, particularly if homelessness, physical neglect, marital problems and illness are present, does not justify more attention than the rest.N44傲朋学习网
Workers in education consider the other problems as all the more reason why the children concerned should have the advantage of regular schooling. The longer they stay truant, the greater are their chances of getting into further trouble. One chief education welfare officer told me: "The best form of social service you can do for deprived children is to see that they receive education in the normal school setting."N44傲朋学习网
I was given access to a few cases of nine-year-old children selected by their head teacher for causing concern due to problems arising outside school. I read their files and talked to the workers involved about how each, from his professional point of view, saw the chain of events since the initial referral. In cases concerned with school absence, this method produced a commentary of the slow progression towards stalemate which can occur when two departments with different priorities are jointly responsible for solving the same problem. For how can a decisive plan for action ever be formed if it depends on the cooperation of two people who basically disagree?N44傲朋学习网
Non-attendance can so injure a child's life chances that it deserves to be tackled by a more single-minded attack than this. A concerted policy should focus on the following areas: first, the school's own capacity for holding the interest of pupils; second, its efficiency in registering unexplained absences; third, school-oriented social work; fourth, boarding schools; and fifth, public attitude.N44傲朋学习网
The general climate of a school is obviously a powerful factor in a child's decision to play truant, so creating an acceptable school atmosphere is one of the most challenging assignments teachers face. It must, however, be distinguished from the separate task of setting up efficient machinery for following up suspected truants. This consists of treating any unexplained absence—even lateness, which is often an indication of absence to come as serious. If the school immediately queries the first and subsequent unexplained absence, it will be much more difficult for the child to become a habitual absentee.N44傲朋学习网
The school's success in keeping non-attendance to a minimum also depends on the effectiveness of its education welfare officer, the official link between school and home. Ideally, when alerted about a suspected absence, he makes an immediate home visit to see what has gone wrong. In the first instance he may simply go to "collect excuses", gradually forming his own idea of the real reason for the child's absence the child is bullied at school, the mother is unhappy when the child is at school, the family does not get up in time, the parents don't know about the truancy, the child has not got a uniform, and so on. Though the officer will do what he can to alleviate any problem he stumbles on, his main interest is to get the child back to school.N44傲朋学习网
Another ingredient of a general attack on chronic non-attendance should be boarding education. Every Education Welfare Officer has his core of cases of children whose parents do not believe in education; who have such psychological problems of their own that they need their children for company or who are so anti-authority that they will not hand their children over to any representatives of the "establishment" they detest. These are the parents with whom the officer, and the school or social workers get nowhere and whose children get no education to speak of, if left in their home environment. N44傲朋学习网
Teachers, education welfare officers and social workers are sometimes excessively reluctant to consider boarding school. They regard it as a punitive action with a certain finality for the child. Many referrals are, therefore, made too late to be really useful. Sending a child to a boarding school should be to improve a situation which is not going well. However, everybody is so wary of it, that we tend to use it when it is really too late; when parents are ready to be relieved of a child who is a problem—thus giving the child good reason to feel rejected. When the child is still wanted, and sent to boarding school against his parents' will, then it can really solve the problem by answering the child's educational needs, without destroying family bonds.N44傲朋学习网
Finally, the public apathy towards truancy is a positive incentive to children who have difficulties at school. The man in the street, even when knocked sideways by a diminutive footballer during school hours, merely curses and walks on. Would absence rates be any different if the public occasionally "had a go" at obvious non-attenders and encouraged them to give their teachers another chance to make school worthwhile for them? 1.Every child with poor school attendance record is unable to fulfill his educational potential and is going to suffer cruelty or neglect.N44傲朋学习网
2. Many parents do not know that their children play truant regularly, which shows their lack of interest in their children’s education or inability to control them.N44傲朋学习网
3. Parent’s difficulty in dealing with family responsibility is not a reason which leads families to reject regular schooling.N44傲朋学习网
4. Habitual non-attendance can cause children reject the values and legal requirements of society very early in their lives.N44傲朋学习网
5. Truancy or parentally-condoned absence may or may not  lead to juvenile crime.N44傲朋学习网
6. Mental illness in later life is another bad effect of truancy.N44傲朋学习网
7. Non-attendance is such a complex and serious problem that it can’t  be dealt with by education department alone.N44傲朋学习网
8. According to this passage, the social workers and educational department didn’t cooperate very well because they disagree basically.N44傲朋学习网
9.  According to the writer ,registering unexplained absence is not very effective  to resolve regular non-attendance.N44傲朋学习网
10. Unlike the parents, the teachers , social workers and education welfare officers are unwilling to send truants to boarding school in the early stage. N44傲朋学习网
 II  Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.  N44傲朋学习网
Passage 1N44傲朋学习网
        Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.  The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth.  Light get through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat.  Heat, too, makes our environment endurable.  Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off.  As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.N44傲朋学习网
        Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space.  The unit of radiation is called “rem”.  Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on.  The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage—a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.  Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amounts of rems.  So far, no dangerous amount of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short.  We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory.  Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.N44傲朋学习网
11According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that _____.N44傲朋学习网
a.        it protects him against the harmful rays from spaceN44傲朋学习网
b.        it provides sufficient light for plant growthN44傲朋学习网
c.        it supplies the heat necessary for human survivalN44傲朋学习网
d.        it screens off the falling meteorsN44傲朋学习网
12 We know from the passage that _____.N44傲朋学习网
a.        exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatalN44傲朋学习网
b.        the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in comingN44傲朋学习网
c.        radiation is avoidable in space explorationN44傲朋学习网
d.        astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damageN44傲朋学习网
13 The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew member ______.N44傲朋学习网
a. is insignificant                                b. seems overestimatedN44傲朋学习网
c. is enormous                                        d. remains unknownN44傲朋学习网
14 It can be inferred from the passage that ______.N44傲朋学习网
a.        the Apollo mission was very successfulN44傲朋学习网
b.        protection from space radiation is no easy jobN44傲朋学习网
c.        astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildrenN44傲朋学习网
d.        radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorersN44傲朋学习网
15 The best title for this passage would be ______.N44傲朋学习网
a.        The Atmosphere and Our EnvironmentN44傲朋学习网
b.        Research on RadiationN44傲朋学习网
c.        Effects of Space RadiationN44傲朋学习网
d.        Importance of Protection Against Radiation Passage 2N44傲朋学习网
        Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.  The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion.  But because the two big cola companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.  We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.N44傲朋学习网
        We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi.  These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.N44傲朋学习网
        We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet Cola drinkers.  Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other.  We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.N44傲朋学习网
        Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand.  In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials.  The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.N44傲朋学习网
        While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.  Two people got all four samples wrong.  Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor.  Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.N44傲朋学习网
16 According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to ______.N44傲朋学习网
a.        find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking N44傲朋学习网
b.        reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkersN44傲朋学习网
c.        show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-workN44傲朋学习网
d.        compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinksN44傲朋学习网
17 The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _____.N44傲朋学习网
a.        Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinksN44傲朋学习网
b.        there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and PepsiN44傲朋学习网
c.        few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from PepsiN44傲朋学习网
d.        people’s tastes differ from one anotherN44傲朋学习网
18 It is implied in the first paragraph that _______.N44傲朋学习网
a.        the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colasN44傲朋学习网
b.        the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companiesN44傲朋学习网
c.        the competition between the two colas is very strong.N44傲朋学习网
d.        Blind tasting is necessary for identifying fansN44傲朋学习网
19 The word “burnout” (in the second sentence from the end, Para. 5) here refers to the state of ______.N44傲朋学习网
a.        being seriously burnt in the skinN44傲朋学习网
b.        being unable to burn for lack of fuelN44傲朋学习网
c.        being badly damaged by fireN44傲朋学习网
d.        being unable to function because of excessive useN44傲朋学习网
20 The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ______.N44傲朋学习网
a.        show that taste preference is highly subjective N44傲朋学习网
b.        argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategyN44傲朋学习网
c.        emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each otherN44傲朋学习网
d.        recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas 二 翻译题请将下列句子翻译为汉语(共40分 ,每题 20分)N44傲朋学习网
III Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese. N44傲朋学习网
1 N44傲朋学习网
Instead of having to establish rules and limits, an arduous and often frustrating job, instead of having to work at socializing children in order to make them more agreeable to live with, parents could solve all these problems by resorting to the television set.N44傲朋学习网
2 N44傲朋学习网
:We cannot eliminate the risks except by not doing those things but by doing so we just substitute a whole new set of risks; instead of risking buying a house with dry rot, we risk having a bad landlord. 答案卷N44傲朋学习网
I判断对错:N44傲朋学习网
1-5:_____ ____ ____ _____ ______ ______N44傲朋学习网
6-10:______ ______ ____ _______ ______ N44傲朋学习网
II 选择题:N44傲朋学习网
11-15:_____ ____ ____ _____ ______ ______N44傲朋学习网
16-20:______ ______ ____ _______ ______ N44傲朋学习网
III Translation N44傲朋学习网
1. N44傲朋学习网
2. N44傲朋学习网
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