山东大学物流英语模拟题1及参考答案

物流英语A


一．        写出下列英文缩写的全拼
1、3PL：
2、VMI：
3、WMS：
4、MPS：
5、JIT：
二．        翻译下列短文
Definitions and Functions of Logistics


Logistics (business definition): Logistics is defined as business-planning framework for management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in today, business environment.
——(Logistics Partners Oyo, Helsinki, FI, 1996)
Logistics (military definition): The science of planning and carrying out movement and maintenance of force……Those aspects of military operations that position, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of material; movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; acquisition of construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities; and acquisition of furnishing of services.
——(JCS Pub 1- 02 excerpt)
Logistics: The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow and storage of raw materials, in- process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirement.
                     ——(Reference: Canadian Association Logistics Management)
Professor Donald J. Bowersox, a famous expert on Logistics in the University of Michigan State, pointed out in Logistic Management (3rd edition) published in 1986 that, “The term of Logistics is neither restricted in the field of commerce nor in that of military. It is applicable for commercial activities of both public and private enterprises.” In his works, he also applied the following terms to illustrate part or all of the activities of Logistics:  Business Logistics, Physical Distribution Materials, Logistics Management, Material Management, Physical Supply, Logistics of Distribution, Total Distribution, etc..


‘Logistics is the science and art of the design, optimization and management of networks for the time-related positioning of resource. In its most comprehensive sense, those functions which deal with the following aspects such as:
1) Design and development, acquisition, manufacture, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance and disposition of goods;
2) design, development, management and maintenance of passenger systems;
3) Acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities;
4)  Acquisition or provision of services.
Logistics is a method of managing organizations so that the organizational aims are achieved in the most efficient and effective way. There are four principal aspects to managing in this logistic way.
Outcome: logistic management focuses on the desired outcome and produces the best plan to achieve that outcome (within any constraints that are applied), irrespective of the degree of difficulty or inconvenience that may be caused to any of the intermediate processes.
Sequence: logistics involves establishing and controlling the best sequence in which a number of operations or processes are carried out.
Timing: the operations or processes must be carried out at the best time, both relative to one another and to the overall aim.
Location: the operations or processes must be carried out in the best place, relative to one another and the overall aim.
It concludes the coordination of the functions and key aspects as they apply to the particular organization in the combination that is most effective and efficient in producing the required outcome. For this reason, the true logistics picture is only really seen by those at the very top, strategic, level of management. At the lower organizational levels people are very likely to be involved only in one or other of the functional areas. Everybody in the organization, at all levels, must understand the importance of the interconnection between the five logistic functions and the importance of the four key aspects so that they can contribute effectively to the organization’s activities.
Although logistics is primarily a strategic-level management process, the basic ideas are still highly relevant at all the lower organizational levels. For example, the flow of paperwork round an office can be sequenced and timed, with the separate stages of processing being carried out in the best part of the room to facilitate the flow.
三．        翻译下列句子
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.如果船舶公司接受了订舱，到时候你就会收到装货单。（space booking）
2.缺乏富有成效的采购，公司的运作就会陷入混乱。（disrupt）
3.在对库存做计划方面，我们需要考虑三个基本问题。(concern)
4.物流的最终质量要求就是把每件事都做对并在第一时间做对。（ultimate）
四．        论述题
Answer the following question in English,
1.How can we distinguish one transport service from another?
2.Why is information crucial to the performance of a supply chain?


答案：
二．翻译下列短文
物流（商业定义）：物流从经济的角度是指为管理材料、服务、信息、和资本流而进行的商业计划构架。它包括在当今商业环境中所必需的越来越复杂的信息、沟通和控制系统。
——(Logistics Partners Oyo, Helsinki, FI, 1996)
物流（军事定义）：物流在军事的角度是指策划并执行力的运动和保持的科学。军事操作的那些方面是指：材料的位置、维护、疏散和处理；人员的流动、疏散和医疗；设备的结构、维修、操作和配置常识的获得；服务提供知识的获得。
——(JCS Pub 1- 02 excerpt)
  物流是指为了满足客户的要求而从生产的角度到消费的角度所进行的一个过程。这个过程策划、实施和控制原材料的高效成本、有效流动和储存，内流库存，成品和相关信息。
        ——(参考: 加拿大物流管理协会)
美国密执安州立大学著名的物流教授唐纳德•鲍尔索克斯（Donald J. Bowersox）在1986年出版的《物流管理（第三版）》一书中认为，“物流一词没有限定是商业领域还是军事领域。物流管理对公共企业和私人企业活动都适用。”，在他的著作中，他还用以下一些词来说明物流的部分或所有活动：企业物流（Business Logistics）、实物配送（Physical Distribution）、物料物流管理（Materials Logistics Management）、物料管理（Material Management）、实物供应（Physical Supply）、流通物流（Logistics of Distribution）、总体配送（Total Distribution）等。




“物流是关于设计、最优化和对与时间有关的资源定位网络进行管理的科学与艺术。”从最为全面的意义上来说，这些功能包括：
物品的设计、改进、获得、制造、存储、移动、分配、维护和部署
乘客系统的设计、改进、管理和维护
设备的获取或建设、维护、运行和部署
服务的获得和提供
   物流是管理组织的一种方法，以使组织的目标通过最有效的途径获得实现。在这一物流方法中进行管理有四个主要的方面：
结果——物流管理关注的是想要得到的结果以及制定获取该结果的最佳计划（在任何被应用的限制条件之内），不考虑对任何中间过程可能引起的困难或不便的程度。
顺序——物流包括建立并控制一个实施一系列操作和处理的最佳顺序。
适时——这些操作和处理必须在最佳时机实施，而这一最佳时机是与它们各自的和整体的目标都有关的。
地点——这些操作和处理必须在最佳地点实施，而这一最佳地点是与它们各自的和整体的目标都有关的。
    物流是所有这些功能和关键方面的协调合作，它们应用于某个特定的为了最有效地产生所需结果而进行合并的组织中。因此，真正的物流蓝图仅仅能被那些处于管理最高战略层的人看到。在组织底层的人们往往只被包括在其中某一个功能领域中。组织中的任何层次中的任何人必须了解五个物流功能相互联系的重要性和四个关键方面的重要性，从而使它们能够有效地为组织的活动做出贡献。
尽管物流主要是战略层管理中的过程，它的基本的想法仍与组织低层有着很大的关联。例如，通过在办公室中的最佳位置实施各个阶段的处理过程，可以协助办公室中的纸张工作的流程的排序和调节。这是物流管理在行政系统中应用的一个例子。
四．论述题
1. How can be distinguish one transport service from another?
   Transport services are best described by their cost and performance characters.
These distinguish one transport service form another and it is what a user buys form the transportation system.
The cost characters vary from one mode to another and determine their rate structures.
Rates are based primarily on three factors-distance, shipment size and competition.
2. Why is information crucial to the performance of a supply chain?
   Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides that supply chain managers use to make decisions.
Without information, a manager will not know what customers wants, how much inventory is in stock and when the products should be produced and shipped.
In short , without information , a manager can only make decisions blindly.